Image courtesy of Vernon County
Vernon County in Western Wisconsin is working to tackle flooding and watershed management issues in steep agricultural landscapes through nature-based blue-green infrastructure. These infrastructure refer to agricultural stormwater best management practices for erosion and sediment control, which include but are not limited to conservation tillage, vegetated filter strips, wetlands, and grade stabilization structure, etc. This project aims at evaluating the appropriate design and planning strategies of blue-green infrastructure and further develop a strategic plan potentially together with on-the-ground demonstration projects to give guidance to watershed communities, including landowners, business owners, etc., for better flooding prevention and mitigation management practices.
Vernon County is located in southwestern edge of Wisconsin that borders the Mississippi River. This is the home for approximately 30,000 residents, mainly in three cities – Hillsboro, Viroqua and Westby; nine villages, and twenty-one towns. From small business owners to health care workers, a growing influx of newcomers alongside long-time landowners, retirees and an increasing elderly population reside here.
Agriculture roots run deep in the region with farms covering 67% of the land (337,086 acres). There are roughly 1,961 farms in the county and 98% of those are family owned for many generations. Agriculture provides 4,177 jobs and produces $715 million in economic activity. As part of Wisconsin’s driftless (unglaciated) area, the county is characterized by steep, high bluffs, forested ridges, and deeply carved flood prone river valleys. The karst landscape produces spring-fed waterfalls and trout streams throughout the region and the geology is complex with highly jointed sandstone and siltstone bedrock.
Flooding in this region has resulted in more flood-related emergency disaster declarations than in any other county in Wisconsin, causing widespread damage to public infrastructure and private property, and ongoing public safety concerns. Since 2004, there have been eight federal disaster declarations in Vernon County, causing more than $76 million in damages to properties and infrastructure. This trend towards more frequent and severe storms is expected to continue.
These events have strained the already limited resources of the affected communities. Capacity constraints and data gaps make it difficult for these communities to design flood mitigation projects and access public assistance dollars. The primary goal of this project is to identify and plan the most sustainable and cost-effective conservation practices for flood prevention and mitigation and provide other environmental benefits, e.g., pollutant reduction, habitat conservation, etc., in watersheds across Vernon County.
The project team would like to work with the Vernon County Land and Water Conservation Department and various partnerships, e.g., local farmers, landowners, private businesses, non-profits, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin River Alliance, and Valley Stewardship Network, etc., to explore the suitable and cost-effective nature-based blue-green infrastructure (BGI) solutions for this unique agricultural landscape and share it with various watershed communities in the area, including landowners and business partners, etc., so that they can make wise decisions on local and regional flooding prevention and mitigation.
Ultimately, the project team aims at establishing a strategic plan or guidebook, which can provide maps, planning or/and design metric guidance, technical diagram illustrations, and decision trees, etc., to lead various watershed communities throughout the decision-making process for the selection and design of cost-effective BGI. In addition, the project team also hopes to develop several on-the-ground projects to demonstrate the adoption of different BGI in the community.
With the outcomes of this project, the stakeholders in the communities will be given a useful protocol to select their most suitable and cost-effective flooding prevention and mitigation strategies based on their local characteristics. Other communities can adopt similar methods used in this project to design their guidebooks. Communities with similar issues and landscape characteristics can even reference the BGI design recommendations and/or roadmaps proposed in this project.
Ben Wojahn is the County Conservationist for Vernon County Land & Water Conservation. Ben is a Certified Crop Advisor and Certified Grazing Planner. Ben utilizes his personal and grant writing skills to manage Vernon County Parks, Forests, Dams, Land Conservation, Land Information, Watershed Planning, Invasive Species, and Wildlife Habitat programs. Perhaps Ben’s greatest skill is his ability to be a collaborator and facilitator. This, combined with his strong relationships with the farmers and this community, make him a critical partner to this project.
In his free time, Ben enjoys gardening, planting trees and perennials, and forestry management. Ben is also an avid wild rice harvester, which he does every year across beautiful lakes and rivers in northern Wisconsin.
Dr. Monique Hassman holds a shared Watershed Planner position between Vernon County Land & Water Conservation and Valley Stewardship Network and is an adjunct Geographic Information Systems (GIS) professor at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. Monique is a lifelong resident of Wisconsin and has spent the past couple decades “living on the edge” (aka the Crawford and Vernon county line) homesteading in the Driftless. Her background in cultural anthropology and digital cartography informs her mapping, modeling, and place-making efforts and guides the ways in which Monique fosters the development of collaborative partnerships, rooted in mutuality and empowerment, to address land and water resource concerns and opportunities.
Kun Zhang is a water resources researcher specialized in urban stormwater management and hydrologic modeling with a specific focus on the interface between urban water infrastructure and urban hydrology. Currently, he is a postdoc research fellow in the Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering at Marquette University. He earned his PhD in Civil Engineering from The University of Hong Kong. Specifically, he studies how does urban sewers interact with hydrologic processes through infrastructure flows (e.g., inflow and infiltration), and how does it affect urban hydrologic budget. He also studies the optimization of hydrologic and water quality sampling using signal processing and data-driven methods. He is passionate about connecting academia with engineers and practitioners and is looking forward to serving the communities in Vernon County as a Thriving Earth Exchange Community Science Fellow to help remediate the local flooding issues through this project.
The project team is seeking a volunteering scientific partner(s) to evaluate the flooding mitigation performance of agricultural stormwater best management practices, or in another term, nature-based blue-green infrastructure in steep agricultural landscape through physically-based or data-driven modeling. The scientist(s) would be expected to collaborate with the project team, the Land and Water Conservation Department, and other relevant partners to establish a strategic plan and potentially develop demonstration sites. The scientist(s) would be expected to participate in the project through its completion (around 18 months).
Hydrologic and flood risk analysis: The project team prefers scientist(s) with knowledge and experience of hydrologic modeling, flash flooding, and experience working in steep topography. The scientist(s) working on this aspect of the project will need to be able to:
Design and implementation of nature-based blue-green infrastructure: The project team wants scientist(s) to give technical suggestions in generating BGI scenarios and take the results from hydrologic and flood risk analysis to develop practical BGI demonstration projects. The scientist(s) working on this aspect of the project will need to be able to:
